Norovirus also-called "stomach flu" is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal illness worldwide. It is highly contagious, can spread rapidly in close-contact environments, and gives a world of discomfort to those who catch it. Here's what you need to know about this tiny but formidable virus.
What is Norovirus?
Norovirus refers to a group of viruses that cause stomach and intestine inflammation, known as gastroenteritis. It's not related to the flu-contrary to its popular nickname. It involves contaminated food, water, surfaces, or direct contact with an infected individual.
Symptoms
Symptoms of norovirus infection usually begin 12 to 48 hours after a person has come into contact with the virus and include:
Nausea
- Vomiting-forceful at times
- Diarrhea, which is often watery
- Stomach cramps
- Low-grade fever
- Muscle aches
- Fatigue
These symptoms usually last one to three days. However, dehydration may result, particularly in young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immunity.
How Is Norovirus Spread?
Norovirus is very infectious. Infection can be by:
1. Food and Drink: Food and drinks are consumed that are contaminated, usually because of bad hygiene.
2. Person-to-Person Contact: This mode involves touching an infected individual or caring for him/her.
3. Contaminated Surfaces: The touching of a contaminated surface with the virus and then touching one's mouth.
These viruses can, even in the tiniest amount of vomit or a small particle of feces, contain millions of viral particles that make it extremely difficult to restrain an outbreak of the virus.
Prevention Tips
While there's no vaccine for norovirus, you can lower your risk with these precautions:
Wash Your Hands Often: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom or before eating.
Disinfecting of Surfaces: Bleach-based cleaners should be used to disinfect areas that might have been contaminated.
Handle Foods Safely: Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly. Cook seafood to the right temperature.
Stay Home When Sick: Avoid preparing food for others and taking care of people until at least 48 hours after symptoms have stopped.
What to Do If You Get Sick
There is no certain treatment for norovirus. Most people recover on their own with rest and hydration. Here are some measures to manage the symptoms:
Hydrate: Take small sips of water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions.
Avoid Solid Foods: Give rest to the stomach by avoiding solid foods and sticking to bland foods like crackers, rice, or toast until symptoms improve.
Watch for Severe Symptoms: If you have persistent vomiting, bloody stools, or severe dehydration-which may be manifested by dizziness, dry mouth, or decreased urination-consult your doctor.
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